América Latina y China: comercio internacional y crecimiento económico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/ae/2023v38n99/CardozoPalabras clave:
China, América Latina, crecimiento impulsado por importacionesResumen
En 1990 la participación de China en las importaciones globales de América Latina (ALC) era incipiente, mientras que para 2019 China se había convertido en el segundo proveedor de la región. Este documento utiliza una muestra de 14 países de ALC, estima los efectos de las importaciones de China en el crecimiento económico de cada país de ALC y verifica si estos efectos se evidencian en los sectores no exportadores o exportadores de estos países. Estimamos un sistema de regresiones aparentemente no relacionadas (SUR) para cada sector. Los resultados muestran que antes de que China ingresara a la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), las importaciones de ALC desde China afectaron positivamente el crecimiento económico de algunos países de ALC. Sin embargo, el número de países beneficiarios aumentó tras la adhesión de China a la OMC. Las importaciones desde China impulsan el crecimiento económico de los sectores no exportadores de Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador y El Salvador, el sector exportador de República Dominicana y ambos sectores de Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela. Con excepción de la República Dominicana, los países cuyos sectores exportadores se benefician de las importaciones de China son países primarios exportadores. Se estiman efectos adversos o nulos para el resto de los países.
Clasificación JEL: F14; F43; F60; F62; C32.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Mónica Liseth Cardozo de Barrios, Edgar Mauricio Luna Domínguez, Jorge Omar Moreno Treviño
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
