Desafiando el modelo neoclásico: perspectivas de la economía conductual en el mercado laboral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/ae/2024v39n102/RamosPalabras clave:
Mercado laboral, Economía neoclásica , Racionalidad limitada, Sesgos cognitivos , Oferta laboral , Economía del comportamientoResumen
El mercado laboral mundial ha experimentado transformaciones importantes debido a los avances tecnológicos, la globalización y la evolución de la dinámica socioeconómica. A pesar de las predicciones de la economía neoclásica, persisten anomalías como la rigidez salarial, el desempleo involuntario y el subempleo. En ese sentido, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo realizar un análisis crítico de los supuestos de racionalidad, información perfecta y maximización de la utilidad del modelo neoclásico, y contrastarlos con las ideas de la economía del comportamiento. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de los estudios que abordan las cuestiones del mercado laboral desde la perspectiva de la economía del comportamiento, utilizando términos clave como “economía del comportamiento”, “oferta de trabajo”, “economía neoclásica”. Los resultados muestran que los factores conductuales, incluida la racionalidad limitada, los sesgos cognitivos como la aversión al riesgo y las preferencias sociales, influyen significativamente en las decisiones de oferta de trabajo. Estos factores proporcionan una interpretación más realista del comportamiento económico, abordando anomalías que las teorías neoclásicas no logran explicar. En conclusión, la economía conductual ofrece un marco sólido para entender la dinámica del mercado laboral, en particular en la dinámica salarial, donde los sesgos cognitivos influyen en la toma de decisiones. Este enfoque desafía los modelos económicos tradicionales y subraya la importancia de incorporar factores psicológicos a las políticas del mercado laboral.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Fernando Antonio Ramos Zaga
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
