Crecimiento del empleo manufacturero y externalidades: México y Marruecos en las regiones fronterizas

Resumen

El artículo analiza la incidencia de externalidades estáticas y dinámicas sobre el crecimiento del empleo de la industria manufacturera en México y las regiones económicas de Marruecos, en periodos donde ambos países experimentan procesos de liberación económica. Después de realizar los contrastes econométricos que sugiere el modelo de Glaeser, se confirma que durante la etapa de mayor desregulación comercial en ambos países, el crecimiento del empleo sigue dependiendo esencialmente de los bajos costos de la mano de obra.

Clasificación JEL: L60, R12.

Abstract

This article analyzes externalities –static and dynamic– effect upon manufacture labor growth in the Mexican states and Morocco economic regions during periods in which both countries recently expe- rienced economic liberalization processes. After carrying out the econometric contrasts suggested by Glaeser et al. model (1992), it is confirmed that in essence, during the greater commercial deregula- tion stage in both countries, labor growth fundamentally depends on low labor costs. That is, from an inter-regional assessment perspective, the technological overflows and knowledge transfers towards the state/regional economic net, which eventually may come from international manufacture, remain limited. In any case, lets underline Mexican localization economies and Morocco's specialization as factors that influence their labor dynamics.