La eficiencia de los recursos públicos en el sistema educativo a nivel estatal
Palabras clave:
Educación, eficiencia, gasto público, recursos humanos, infraestructuraResumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos públicos destinados al sector educativo a nivel subnacional en México durante el período de 2008 a 2022. Se ejecutó un análisis jerárquico de clúster para capturar las similitudes de las entidades federativas en términos del uso de recursos públicos y la producción obtenida, observando una relación inversa entre el porcentaje del PIB estatal destinado a educación y el grado de escolaridad promedio de la población de 15 años y más; asimismo, se evidencia la posibilidad de obtener una mayor escolaridad promedio con menos recursos humanos e infraestructura. La comparación de la medida de eficiencia basada en holguras (Tone, 2001) al principio y al final del período permite detectar tres estados que se mantuvieron en la frontera eficiente; los restantes registraron disminuciones de eficiencia, o bien, incrementos marginales que no los alejaron de la región de ineficiencia. Para las entidades ineficientes, el análisis de las holguras asociadas con cada insumo del sector educativo permite detectar áreas de oportunidad. La descomposición del índice de Hicks-Moorsteen en una medida de variación de la eficiencia y otra de cambio tecnológico (O’Donnell, 2010) configura una situación generalizada de pérdida de la eficiencia y estancamiento tecnológico a lo largo del período de análisis. Baja California Sur es la entidad con mejores resultados en las tres medidas estimadas en este trabajo.
Clasificación JEL: D61, H52, H75
Descargas
Referencias
Afonso, A. & Baquero, G. (2024). Government spending efficiency in Latin America. Empirica, 51(1), 127-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-023-09599-4
Afonso, A., Schuknecht, L. & Tanzi, V. (2010). Income distribution determinants and public spending efficiency. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 8(3), 367-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-010-9138-z
Afonso, A. & St. Aubyn, M. (2005). Non-parametric approaches to education and health efficiency in OECD countries. Journal of Applied Economics, 8(2), 227-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2005.12040626
Afonso, A. & St. Aubyn, M. (2006). Cross-country efficiency of secondary education provision: A semi-parametric analysis with non-discretionary inputs. Economic Modelling, 23(3), 476-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2006.02.003
Agasisti, T. (2014). The efficiency of public spending on education: An empirical comparison of EU countries. European Journal of Education, 49(4), 543-557. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12069
Agasisti, T., Egorov, A., Zinchenko, D., & Leshukov, O. (2021). Efficiency of regional higher education systems and regional economic short-run growth: empirical evidence from Russia. Industry and innovation, 28(4), 507-534. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2020.1738914
Aparicio, J., Perelman, S. & Santín, D. (2022). Comparing the evolution of productivity and performance gaps in education systems through DEA: an application to Latin American countries. Operational Research, 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-020-00578-2
Azar, P. (2016). The efficiency of public education spending in Latin America: A comparison to high-income countries. International Journal of Educational Development, 49, 188-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.03.005
Barra, C., & Boccia, M. (2022). What matters in educational performance? Evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries. Quality & Quantity, 56(6), 4335-4394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01322-y
Barro, R. (2013). Education and economic growth. Annals of Economics and Finance, 14(2), 277-304.
Busemeyer, M. (2007). Determinants of public education spending in 21 OECD democracies, 1980-2001. Journal of European Public Policy, 14(4), 582-610. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760701314417
Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W. & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
Cordero, J. M., Polo, C. & Simancas, R. (2022). Assessing the efficiency of secondary schools: Evidence from OECD countries participating in PISA 2015. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 81, 100927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100927
Davoodi, H., Tiongson, E. & Asawanuchit, S. (2010). Benefit incidence of public education and health spending worldwide: evidence from a new database. Poverty & Public Policy, 2(2), 5-52. https://doi.org/10.2202/1944-2858.1055
Delfín, O., Navarro, J. y Cardona, G. (2024). Eficiencia de la educación secundaria en México, 2010-2017: Un estudio a nivel municipal a través del análisis de la envolvente de datos. Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 32(63), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.18504/pl3263-003-2024
Delprato, M., & Antequera, G. (2021). Public and private school efficiency and equity in Latin America: New evidence based on PISA for development. International Journal of Educational Development, 84, 102404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102404
Dutu, R. & Sicari, P. (2020). Public spending efficiency in the OECD: Benchmarking health care, education, and general administration. Review of Economic Perspectives, 20(3), 253-280. https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2020-0013
Elshani, A. & Pula, L. (2022). The efficiency of educational and healthcare public expenditures in Kosovo: A data envelopment analysis technique. Ekonomika, 101(2), 92–108. https://doi.org/10.15388/Ekon.2022.101.2.6
Everitt, B., Landau, S., Leese, M. & Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster Analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
Fomba, B.K., Talla, D.F. & Ningaye, P. (2023). Institutional quality and education quality in developing
countries: Effects and transmission channels. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 14, 86–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00869-9
Fonchamnyo, D. & Sama, M. (2016). Determinants of public spending efficiency in education and health: evidence from selected CEMAC countries. Journal of Economics and Finance, 40, 199-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-014-9310-6
Giménez, V., Prior, D. & Thieme, C. (2007). Technical efficiency, managerial efficiency and objective-setting in the educational system: an international comparison. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 58(8), 996-1007. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602213
Grosskopf, S., Hayes, K. J. & Taylor, L. L. (2014). Efficiency in education: research and implications. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 36(2), 175-210. https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppu007
Guarini, G., Laureti, T., & Garofalo, G. (2020). Socio-institutional determinants of educational resource efficiency according to the capability approach: An endogenous stochastic frontier analysis. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 71, 100835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100835
Hanushek, E. A. & Woessmann, L. (2011). How much do educational outcomes matter in OECD countries? Economic Policy, 26(67), 427-491. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2011.00265.x
Hammes, D., Flach, L., & Mattos, L. (2020). The efficiency of public expenditure on Higher Education: a study with Brazilian Federal Universities. Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação, 28(109), 1076-1097. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-40362020002802573
Hicks, J. R. (1961). The Measurement of Capital in Relation to the Measurement of Other Economic Aggregates. En D. C. Hague (Ed.), The Theory of Capital (pp. 18–31). London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08452-4_2
Iqbal, F. & Kiendrebeogo, Y. (2015). Public spending and education attainment in the Middle East and North Africa. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, 11(2), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1515/rmeef-2015-0020
Johnes, J., Portela, M. & Thanassoulis, E. (2017). Efficiency in education. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 68, 331-338. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41274-016-0109-z
Johnson, A. L. & Ruggiero, J. (2014). Nonparametric measurement of productivity and efficiency in education. Annals of Operations Research, 221, 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-011-0880-9
Kounetas, K., Androulakis, G., Kaisari, M. & Manousakis, G. (2023). Educational reforms and secondary school's efficiency performance in Greece: A bootstrap DEA and multilevel approach. Operational Research International Journal, 23(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-023-00764-y
López, L. & Prior, D. (2022). Long-term efficiency of public service provision in a context of budget restrictions. An application to the education sector. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 81, 100946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100946
Margaritis, S. G., Tsamadias, C. P. & Argyropoulos, E. E. (2022). Investigating the relative efficiency and productivity change of upper secondary schools: The case of schools in the region of Central Greece. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13, 128-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-020-00698-2
Moorsteen, R. H. (1961). On measuring productive potential and relative efficiency. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 73(3), 151-167. https://doi.org/10.2307/1885133
Mou, H., Atkinson, M. & Marshall, J. (2019). Budgeting for efficiency? A case study of the public K-12 education systems of Canada. Applied Economics, 51(34), 3740-3757. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1584380
Mungaray, A., Pimienta, R. & Ocegueda, M. (2021). Educación superior, productividad y crecimiento económico en México entre 2004 y 2015. Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 29(58). https://doi.org/10.18504/pl2958-014-2021
Mungaray, A. & Torres, V. (2010). Actividad económica y educación superior en México. Revista de la Educación Superior, 39(156), 7-18.
O’Donnell, C. J. (2010). Measuring and decomposing agricultural productivity and profitability change. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 54(4), 527-560. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2010.00512.x
Pimienta, R., Mungaray , A., y Ocegueda, M. (2022). Eficiencia del gasto público entre las universidades mexicanas y sus determinantes: Análisis Envolvente de Datos (AED) con aplicación de modelos semi-paramétricos en dos etapas. Economía: Teoría y Práctica, 57(2), 95-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/etypuam/ne/572022/pimienta
Quispe, C., Rojas, R. y Blanco, M. (2024). Eficiencia de la inversión pública en educación en el Perú, 2016-2022: Un análisis comparativo por regiones. Comuni@cción: Revista de Investigación en Comunicación y Desarrollo, 15(1), 66-78. https://doi.org/10.33595/2226-1478.15.1.989
Sibiano, P. & Agasisti, T. (2013). Efficiency and heterogeneity of public spending in education among Italian regions. Journal of Public Affairs, 13(1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1404
Sikayena, I., Bentum-Ennin, I., Andoh, F. & Asravor, R. (2022). Efficiency of public spending on human capital in Africa. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1), 2140905. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2140905
Tone, K. (2001). A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 130(3), 498-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00407-5
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Edson Valdés Iglesias, Marco Antonio Méndez Salazar, Rogelio Javier Rendón Hernández
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
