Talent migration and skills transformation in the ICT sector: Mexico and the World
Keywords:
Talent migration, Technological Skills, Talent migratiInformation and Communication TechnologiesAbstract
The world has experienced accelerated technological changes in the last 30 years, mainly associated with the explosion of Information and Communication Technologies. These changes have modified the productive structure of economies, and with it, the structure of employment and the skills required by human capital to function in this new environment. This study aims to analyze the changes occurred in the talent migration structure and the modifications in the skills required in the ICT industry, during the last 5 years in Mexico and in the world, using information from database Digital Data for Development of World Bank and LinkedIn. The analysis shows a dynamic ICT sector attracting talent from other industries worldwide. However, in Mexico the sector has lost dynamism and has become a net ejector of labor, since it only participates in some of the most dynamic activities. Also, it shows which are the activities that attract and expel talent in Mexico and in the world and offers a mapping of the skills required to perform in the ICT industry, a valuable input from the point of view of human capital, but also for the development of public policies aimed at increasing the endogenous capacities of the ICT sector.
JEL Classification: O15; O33; J24.
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References
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Antonelli, C, (2008). Localized Technological Change. Towards the economics of complexity. London: Routledge.
Antonelli, C. (2014). The economics of innovation, new technologies and structural change. London: Routledge.
Barro, R. y Lee, J. (1993). International comparisons of educational attainment. Journal of monetary economics, Vol. 32(3), 363-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(93)90023-9
Becker, G. (1994). Human capital revisited. In Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education, Third Edition (pp. 15-28). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Benavides, O. A. (2004). La innovación tecnológica desde una perspectiva evolutiva. Cuadernos de economía, Vol. 23(41), 49-70.
Cañibano, C, & Potts, J., (2019). Toward an evolutionary theory of human capital. Journal of Evolutionary Economics. Vol. 29 (3), pp. 1017-1035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-018-0588-y
Cardozo, O. D., Gómez, E. L., & Parras, M. A. (2009). Teoría de grafos y sistemas de información geográfica aplicados al transporte público de pasajeros en Resistencia (Argentina). Revista Transporte y Territorio, no. 1, 89-111. https://doi.org/10.34096/rtt.i1.223
Díaz, H. (2017). Tecnologías de la información y comunicación y crecimiento económico. Economía Informa, no. 405, pp. 30-45.
Díaz, H, R. y Morales, S, M., (2020). El sector Biotecnológico en México; estructura, entorno y política industrial, un análisis con teoría de grafos. En Morales, M. y Amaro, M. (coordinadores), La Biotecnología en México. Innovación tecnológica, estrategias competitivas y contexto institucional, CDMX: UNAM, pp. 243-274.
Dopfer Kurt, John Foster y Jason Potts (2004). Micro-meso-macro. Journal of Evolutionary Economics. Vol. 14 (3), pp. 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-004-0193-0
Dopfer, K, & Potts, J. (2008). The General Theory of Economic Evolution. New York: Routledge.
Dosi, G., & Cimoli, M. (1994). De los paradigmas tecnológicos a los sistemas nacionales de producción e innovación. Comercio exterior, Vol. 44(8), 669-82.
Dosi, G, Faillo M, & Marengo, L., (2003). Organizational Capabilities, Patterns of Knowledge Accumulation and Governance Structures in Business Firms. An Introduction. LEM, Working Paper Series, no. 11, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa.
Foss, N., (2006). The Emerging Knowledge Governance Approach: Challenges and Characteristics. Working Paper: Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics; No. 06-10.
Harper, D. A. (2018). Innovation and institutions from the bottom up: an introduction. Journal of Institutional Economics, Vol. 14, Special Issue 6, pp. 975-1001. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174413741800019X
Hodgson, Geoffrey M. (2007). Teorías evolucionistas de la empresa basadas en las competencias. En Hodgson, Geoffrey M. Economía institucional y evolutiva contemporánea. México: UAM, pp. 207-249.
Invernizzi, N., & Foladori, G. (2011). Implicaciones de las nanotecnologías en el empleo. Sociología y tecnociencia: Revista digital de sociología del sistema tecnocientífico, Vol. 2(1), pp. 54-71.
Juni T, Fritzler A, y Orlowski, J., (2020), Data Insights: Jobs, skills, and migration trends methodology and validation results, World Bank Group / LinkedIn.
Kapur, D., & McHale, J. (2005). Give us your best and brightest: The global hunt for talent and its impact on the developing world. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.
Marengo, L. y C. Pasquali (2008). El mercado, la empresa y la primacía del conocimiento. En R. Viale (Comp.). Las nuevas economías. De la economía evolucionista a la economía cognitiva: más allá de las fallas de la teoría neoclásica. México: FLACSO, pp. 65-78.
Mokyr, Joel (2002). The Gifts on Athena. Historical origins of the Knowledge Economy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Nelson, R. R., Dosi, G., & Helfat, C. E. (2018). Modern evolutionary economics: An overview. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nelson, R. & Winter, S. (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard University Press.
Newman, M. (2018). Networks. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Niebel, T. (2018). ICT and economic growth–Comparing developing, emerging and developed countries. World Development, Vol. 104, supplement C, pp. 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.11.024
Morales S, M. A. (2009). Teoría económica evolutiva de la empresa: ¿una alternativa a la teoría neoclásica? Problemas del desarrollo, Vol. 40(158), 161-183.
Morales, A., & Amaro, M. (2014). División cognitiva del trabajo, estructura organizacional e innovación: el caso de una empresa biotecnológica mexicana. Economía: teoría y práctica, no. 40, 137-164.
Otto, K, (1993). The National System of Technical Innovation in Germany. In Richard Nelson (ed.). National Innovation Systems. A comparative Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 115-157.
Pavitt, K. (2003), The process of Innovation. Electronic Working Paper Series 89, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School.
Perez, C. (2010). Technological revolutions and techno-economic paradigms. Cambridge journal of economics, Vol. 34(1), pp. 185-202. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bep051
Rosenberg, Nathan (1982). Inside the Black Box. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Silva, E., & Teixeira, A. (2011). Does structure influence growth? A panel data econometric assessment of “relatively less developed” countries, 1979–2003. Industrial and Corporate Change. Volume 20, No. 2, 457–510. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtr003
Tarutė, A., & Gatautis, R. (2014). ICT impact on SMEs performance. Procedia-social and behavioral Sciences, Vol. 110, 1218-1225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.968
WEF. (2009 - 2016). The Global Information Technology Report 2008-2017. Geneva: WEF.
Wimble, M., & Singh, H. (2015). A Multilevel Examination of Information Technology and Firm Performance: The Interaction of Industry and Firm Effects. PACIS 2015 Proceedings. 129. http://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2015/129
World Bank. (2011). Little Data Book on Information and Communication Technology. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Bank. (2012). Information and Communications for Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Economic Forum. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020. World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Published
2021-05-03
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Talent migration and skills transformation in the ICT sector: Mexico and the World. (2021). Análisis Económico, 36(92), 63-84. https://analisiseconomico.azc.uam.mx/index.php/rae/article/view/602
